Liquid Crystal Phases
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چکیده
In gaseous state, the particles are randomly distributed in free space. There is no correlation between the particles that move in independent trajectories bouncing off of each other. The gases can not be seen because average distance between particles is larger than the wave length of visible light. In liquids, the particles are also distributed randomly in space but with specific correlation among them. In crystalline solids, on the other hand, particles are located in fixed positions relative to each other. Furthermore, the locations are arranged in periodic arrays called lattice. They can be visually observed because the distance between the particles are much shorter than the wave lengths of visible light.
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